All Quiet On The Western Front Analysis - 929 Words

â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† by Erich Maria Remarque is characterized as an anti-war novel which takes place during World War I. The book details, as stated by the epigraph, soldiers who are utterly destroyed by the physical and mental stress of the war. Paul Baumer, the protagonist, and his comrades goes through many ordeals that contributes to the dehumanizing effects of war. With the disastrous living conditions, the constant fear of death and encounters with other soldiers in the war, Remarque was effective in articulating the monstrosity of war. Primarily, the soldiers are forced to live in an area manifested with rodents and a filthy environment which essentially led to an influx of sicknesses and deaths. In the novel, the†¦show more content†¦It is a mystery where the enemy gets all his shells.† (Remarque, 109) Furthermore, the author helps to reveal the unfavorable side of war by describing the quandary of the Russians in chapter 8. Primarily, the Russians have little to eat and they are found digging the garbage tins of Baumer’s camp unaware of the fact that they too have no food and every ration is eaten up. It states, â€Å" This thin, miserable, dirty garbage is the objective of the prisoners. They pick it out of the stinking tins greedily and go off with it under their blouses.† Although eating out of a garbage may seem like a dreadful thing to do, that doesn’t crosses one’s mind when they have absolutely nothing left to eat. Secondly, the author states that the prisoners used to be more energetic and exuberant about life but they are now incapable to feel the joy they once had for life again. It states, â€Å" and it would often come to blows and knives. But now they are quite apathetic and listless; most of them do not masturbate any more, they are s o feeble.† The narrator realizes that they suffer from the desolation of life and that at their present state, they are vulnerable and unable to do anything. Subsequently, the trench mortars that are depicted in chapter 9, proves how horrific war was for the soldiers in World War I. Essentially, the trench mortars were made to blast bombs into an enemys trench. When this occurred, bits of bodies were blown everywhere andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of All Quiet On The Western Front1331 Words   |  6 PagesAll Quiet On The Western Front is about the story of Paul Baumer, a German soldier who is pressured by his teacher to join the German army during World War I. Paul’s friends also join the front line all across Belgium and France. Paul is transported to the Western Front with his friends. There they meet Kat a soldier who is on the older side of life. While Paul and his friends are fighting at the front line they have to survive the trenches of World War 1. At the beginning of the movie the teacherRead MoreAnalysis Of All Quiet On The Western Front 1884 Words   |  8 PagesPer 5 10 January 2015 War in All Quiet on the Western Front World War one was a war of severe tribulation. resulting in over 50 million deaths, it was one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. Known as the â€Å"Western Front†, the border of Germany and France was the site to some of the bloodiest battles of the war. There are very few novels that truly exemplify the events that took place along this front. Erich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, Displays important themes,Read MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front Tone Analysis722 Words   |  3 PagesErich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front has a central theme of the harsh realities of war and a general negative attitude toward the subject. This attitude is synonymous of other war poems such as Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and War Is Kind by Stephen Crane; however, the attitudes are revealed differently in all three pieces through each respective author’s use of diction, imagery, and tone. In the novel All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, the authorRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front Theme Analysis741 Words   |  3 Pagesmen in All Quiet on the Western Front. Paul, the narrator and a German soldier, along with fellow classmates, join the army after being persuaded by their teacher. Based on their teachers description of war, they enter believing war will be a glorious experience. Their beliefs quickly shatter when they witness the first death. Throughout the novel Paul loses many of his friends and sees firsthand how war affects soldiers. Paul soon realizes how war dramatically changes men. In All Quiet on theRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front Animalism Analysis1300 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone who fights in the war has to have animal instincts and basically shut off their emotions. Many moments of being animalistic are shown in All Quiet On the Western Front. One big moment in the book where Paul had to act animalistically is when he killed Gerard Duvall, Paul even says â€Å"I do not think at all, I make no decision-I strike madly at home, and feel only how the body suddenly convulses then becomes limp, and collapses† (Remarque 216). Paul did not even have to think about killing aRead MoreAnalysis of Remarke ´s All Quiet on the Western Front659 Words   |  3 PagesA major reiterated theme of Remarque’s novel All Quiet on the Western Front focuses on BÃ"“umer, the narrator, and his comrade’s accurate view of World War I and how greatly it contrasts to the ideas of the older generation who persuaded the youth to join the war for defending Germany. An analysis of BÃ"“umer’s attitude toward the war reveals that the world of his former authority no longer exists. His first encounters on the front shatter his trust and belief in the views and teachings of the generationRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front Film Analysis1498 Words   |  6 Pages The 1979 television film All Quie t on the Western Front depicts the story of Paul Bauman, a German soldier fresh out of high school who decided to enlist for World War I. Throughout the course of the film, viewers see the general events of World War I from the eyes of the â€Å"losers†, the Germans. Through the use of a German perspective, the portrayal of the horrors of war, and showing the difference of opinions back home and on the front, All Quiet on the Western Front advocates for a more realisticRead MorePaul Baumer Character Analysis, All Quiet on The Western Front.858 Words   |  3 PagesPaper World War I was one of the bloodiest wars with over 31 million deaths, wounded, and missing people. It took place from 1914- 1919 against the Allies and the Central powers. One of the greatest books that show the truth of the war is _All Quiet on the Western Front_. The main character in the novel, Paul, is a German soldier who is only19 years old when he volunteers. Paul is a hopeless, brave, caring soldier who is still trying to figure out who he is. Through out the novel Paul shows that heRead MoreAnalysis Of Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet On The Western Front1319 Words   |  6 Pages War is capable of devastating the minds, personalities and the way they view life, in young men. In Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front Paul and comrades start to lose their innocence throughout the war. Paul and his comrades enlist into war the because they are pressured by Kantorek, headmaster of Paul’s school. But as the war goes on they are backed into corners. They face hardships, difficult decisions and choices that had to be made. Paul and his comrades are young innocentsRead MoreAnalysis of All Quiet on the Western Front: The Real Horrors of the War1120 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿All quiet on the Western Front is not just a book about the horrors of war, but the voice of a nation destroyed by its own ideals. Young men, bearily confrunted with lifes difficulties, ended up meeting death face to face. Initiated by the educational system to know about the most prolific human discoveries, meditations and writings on the human soul, those men plung ed straight into the abyss of despair and hopelessness. And if that hadnt been enough, the end of war brought not the hope they longed

Leadership Skills For A Good Leader Essay - 2569 Words

INTRODUCTION This paper would be evaluating leadership skill with the focus on Microsoft corporation and its leader in relation the various leadership skills two amongst the leadership skills would be subjected to critical evaluation, efforts would be made to critically evaluate the factors that drives a good leader and how they affect a brand like Microsoft, benefits, limitations, etc and a conclusion of research and findings. Leadership is a major factor that drives the success or failure of an organisation, good leaders foresee (vision) a need for change and forward movement of an organization and influence, inspire, motivate others into participating in strategized activities that can bring about such positive impact (achievement of goal). The best way to be a good leader is by being an example, Microsoft was founded April 4, 1975, by Bill gates ( alongside Paul Allen), the corporation is not only multi-departmental but multinational , that develops licenses, sells computer s oftware, consumer electronics just to mention a few. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems (window mobile, vista, 7,8 etc), Microsoft Office office suite(excel, Microsoft office word, ), and Internet Explorer web browser CRITICISMS OF MICROSOFT Microsoft faced several criticisms which includes; outsourcing to China and India, and their poor working conditions at a factory that manufactures some of Microsoft sShow MoreRelatedDifferent Views Of Innate Ability Of Leadership1255 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is leadership? Leadership has nothing to do with seniority, titles, personal attributes and leadership isn’t management. According to Peter Drucker (Forbes) â€Å"The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers.† and John Maxwell (Forbes) said â€Å"Leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less.† But according to me Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal. I will write this essay is to understand theRead MoreLeadership Communication Training For Under Armour Leaders And Managers1179 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Communication Training for Under Armour Leaders and Managers Introduction This brief training will be addressing Under Armour, the company I am currently employed for. Under Armour is an upcoming athletic wear company that is rising to the top and quickly becoming a competitive brand in the athletic industry. Working with this company for over a year, I feel my store, as well as the other stores in Arizona, could greatly utilize training on leadership communication. I chose a PowerPointRead MoreWhen Examining The Role Of A Professional Nurse Leader,1677 Words   |  7 PagesWhen examining the role of a professional nurse leader, it is important to keep in mind the amount of knowledge, integrity, and conviction it takes to be a strong leader. It takes an unwavering attitude about your own beliefs and a positive outlook for your nursing unit, and what is best for everyone on your team, and your patients. There are several differences and similarities when exploring the roles of leadership and management. Each task demands fairness and strength. While on e of them isRead MoreLeadership As A Position Of Power And Authority1499 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership in Nursing Practice What do you think of when you hear the word leadership? I think of someone who is in a position of power and is leading everyone to a better future. That could be considered a little idealistic, but it is a pleasant thought. Now we all know a leader is someone who leads people to complete sets of common goals and tasks. Leaders are everywhere. They are doing everyday things and seeing everyday people, but they are leaders in their profession, and that includes nursingRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader?1507 Words   |  7 PagesAt its simplest definition, a leader is someone who leads other people. But what makes someone a leader? How come some people are leaders and some people are not? How can someone become a leader? Before we can examine what makes a good leader, we have to understand what is the meaning of leadership. Leadership is a topic that has interested historians and philosophers since ancient times. Introducing the expression â€Å"managers are people who do things right, and leaders are people who do the right thing†Read MoreBuilding Leadership Skills Essay694 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership is one of the most sought after skills in the professional world and a fantastic skill to possess outside the workplace. However, while many people can give the dictionary definition of leadership not many understand what it truly means to be a leader. As Teddy Roosevelt said, â€Å"People ask the difference between a leader and a boss†¦The leader works in the open, and the boss in covert. The leader leads, and the boss drives.† This quote captures the essence of what leadership truly is; leadingRead MoreLack Of Strong Communication Skills1533 Words   |  7 Pages Strong communication skills are necessary in order to coordinate daily operations which may require multiple people participating in the care of a patient. Evidence has shown that a lack of strong communic ation has led to negative patient outcomes and financial losses for the institution. Effective communication will help deliver the plan and staff members will know exactly what is expected off them versus trying to figure it out on their own. Good communication will also help to prevent errorsRead MoreWhat Makes A Bad Leader And How They Can Improve1614 Words   |  7 PagesBackground I work Fulltime at Electrical Supply Company and I have observed many types of leaders in my time working both as a manger and as an employee. For the purpose of this assignment I am going call this person John Doe. He is a bad leader because he lacks compassion, integrity, and the will to see things through. During my time working their I have had this manger chastise me in front of my employees causing me to lose credibility. Also, when he visits the store he is always on his phone sometimesRead MoreThe Challenges of Leadership1263 Words   |  6 PagesThe Challenges of Leadership Desire, determination, effectiveness, passion, management skills, being able to inspire, positive attitude, knowing who you are, what to do or not; these are all characteristics of a leader . â€Å"Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.† (Concept of Leadership, 2010). In this 21st century world we are living in and with all the complex changes happeningRead MoreLeadership And Management Approaches For Nursing1228 Words   |  5 Pagesmaking mistakes and errors can affect in quality of patient care. Nursing turnover is a major issue impacting the functioning and success of healthcare organizations. However, leadership and management approaches to the issue can help to improve the nursing environment. Nursing leaders vs Managers The management and leadership are different things but some situations both overlap and sound similar. They focus on different areas and but they both are important in the process to accomplish the desired

Applications For Hypertension Management - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Applications For Hypertension Management? Answer: Introduction Apple Inc is a multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertico, California. The company develops, sells and designs online services, computer software and computer electronics (Apple 2018). The hardware products of the company includes iPhone, Mac personal computer, iPadtablet, iPod, the portable media player, Apple TV digital media player, Apple Watch and Homepod, a smart speaker. About the Product Apple Watch Series 3 is a third generation model of Apple watch, released in the year 2017 on September 22. The watch has an inbuilt long-term evolution (LTE) cellular connectivity and offers data and voice communication along with music streaming facilities. The watch has an electronic SIM card that can share the same mobile number as iPhone of the user (Rawassizadeh, Priceand Petre2015). The hardware of the watch has a dual core Apple S3 processor along with a red digital crown. The software of the watch is watch OS 4 that supports an updated heart rate app, workout app, two-way data synchronization that helps in integrating with various cardio fitness equipment. Target Market and Demographic Profile Apple Watch Series 3 targets the millennial since they are more receptive to technological innovation (Heracleous2013). They areknown as echo boomers whose characteristics vary depending on the region, economic and social conditions. Millennial have increased familiarity with media, digital technologies and communication. Definition of Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior refers to the study of groups, individuals or organizations along with the activities that associates with disposal, use and purchase of services and goods(Mullenand Johnson2013). This also includes considering consumers mental, behavioral and emotional responses that follows or precedes the activities. Scope of the Report This stage happens before the purchase of the product where it is important to identify the needs of the customers(Solomon2014). This creates an excellent opportunity for the marketers toadvertise their goods in a manner that is able to meet their needs. This also helps the customers to believe that their needs could be resolved. Psychological Influence Apple Watch Series 3 recognizes the need of the customers by incorporating the psychological influence. Apple Watch Series 3 has improved feature and functionality (Taylor2015). The biggest change brought to the customers is its additional feature of cellular connectivity. Moreover, Apple Watch users no longer need to keep themselves tethered to the iPhone since this product allows the consumers to receive and make calls, remain connected, receive and send text and stream music. Apple Watch Series 3 also have barometric altimeter along with a faster dual core processor. The Apple Watch Series 3 offers newer styles and bands that help owners in to demonstrate theirindividuality in varied colors and types. Search for Information This stage is the search stage of the consumer decision-making process. People have now progressed from old-fashioned shopping approach to onlinesearch engines(Oliver2014). People also gather information through word of mouth and previous experiences. This is the stage when the customers also think about risk management by considering the advantages and disadvantages that helps in easier decision-making. The best way a marketer can market to this need is by establishing the brand as a market leader. Psychological Influence: Apple recognizes the needs of the customers at this stage by incorporating psychological influence.Apple Watch Series 3 are available in two versions. One comes with onboard cellular connectivity while the other is available with GPS facilities(Starner2014). The non 4G version provides value for money and ensures fitness capabilities. This series 3 watch is a direct replacement of the series 2 watch category. However, both the versions have a chipset inside and are a flag bearer of longevity and fitness. This watch has cycle tracking and water resistant facilities along with facilities for heart rate monitoring. This watch haslatest operating software, WatchOS 4, makes the watch expensive. This watch acts as additional benefits for the fitness freak as it has apps that primarily focuses on fitness. The watch is available at a price of AU$459. Evaluation of the Alternatives This is that stage when the customers seem to place their queries regarding the product. At this stage, they try to analyze the real need of the product as a part of their well-being(Gunterand Furnham2014). Once the customer is convinces themselves about satisfying their needs they look out for the best deals in town based on quality, price and other factors that they consider important. Dealing with this stage cannot be easier for marketers. They can however meet this stage by placing the details of their product on their websites. Psychological Influence: Apple Watch Series 3 is not only elegant and light but has a 1.65-inch square display that helps in displaying better data. The screen makes use of organic light-emitting diode(OLED) technology that makes the watch more attractive. The watch also had a bright, vivid and clear display that allows greater view. The screen also automatically switches off in order to preserve battery(Akana et al. 2015). This implies that the wrist needs to be flickered for seeing the display. However, the algorithms of Apple are designed in a manner that a little flick is powerful enough to light up the display. This watch had the facilities of music streaming. The new version of Apple watch also has inbuilt cellular connection that allows it to work independently with the phone. This allows the users to not only receive calls but also receive app notifications. Call quality of Apple Watch Series 3 is quite impressive in terms of voice quality and sensitivity. Therefore, this watch allows users to have c onservation while running. The integration of the watch with the iPhone is also useful while driving. Decision for Purchase This is the stage when the customer decides to make a purchase based on the knowledge gathered. At this stage, they are assured about the place from where they want to make a purchase. This stage helps the customers to access all facts and thereby come to a logical conclusion based on advertising/marketing campaign or emotional experiences/ connections(Schiffman et al. 2013). This is the stage when the marketer needs to provide a sense of security thereby reminding the customers on why they made the purchase. Here the marketers also need to remind the customers that the brand can essentially fulfill their needs. The markets can also reinforce purchase decisions through email reminders. Psychological Influence The marketers of Apple can also follow this approach in addition to focusing on the motivating the customers for making a purchase. The purchase of Apple Watch Series 3 would be the best decision on the part of the users, as it will allow them to receive or make calls without even using a handset(Taylor2015). The LTE enabled Apple Watch Series 3 is automatically able to reconnect when there is a loss of connection. The entire display has LTE antenna and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UTMS) that provides excellent coverage inside and in outdoor. The Apple watches uses the same telephone number as that of iPhone and so the users have their calls routed to the watch. This series of phone also have complete data connectivity so that music streaming can happen directly from the wrist. Therefore, the watch allows users to stream music from the wearable device. The Apple Watch Series 3 has a built in Barometric Altimeter that helps tracking the activities of the users. This series of Apple Watch has made problem outdated, as they are able to track activity, the number of flights climbed and enable tracking of outdoor workouts that included elevation gain. This high technology watch allows asking Siri questions and hears the respond using the built in speaker of the watch. This is quite helpful while the user wants to send a text message while driving. The Siri will enable confirm the message by reading it to the user and sending it. Moreover, Apple Watch Series 3 has improved processor along with a wireless chipset. The new wireless chip also known as W2 enhances the ability of the watch in connecting to the Bluetooth and Wifi internet without sacrificing the life of the battery. Post Purchase Decision This is the review stage for the customers as well as the company. After purchase when the customer finds that the product has exceeded or matched promises more than their expectation they tend to become their brand ambassadors that helps in influencing other customers(Cohen, Prayagand Moital2014). However if the expectations are not met then negative feedback from the consumers also pour in thereby ending the journey of other potential consumers. In such cases follow up emails and surveys to the customers can be of help. Apple also considers the necessary feedback from the customers in modifying their products. Psychological Influence: Negative feedback from the consumers is bound make any company depressed however; Apple belongs to a category of company that uses negative reviews from its consumers to make necessary changes to its products so that they become easily acceptable the next time round(Kumar et al. 2015). Apple never feeds trolls as they come from people with wrong perspectives and could sometimes be contentious and disrespectful. The company also takes a pause before reacting and jumping into immediate actions. Apple therefore tries to affirm relationships with its customers with newer modified versions of its products. For this, they tend to prepare, understand interest, affirm relationships, searching for creative solutions and evaluating the options that are reasonable and objective. Key Recommendations The key recommendations to the brand for influencing the customers for purchasing the product are as follows: In terms of Fashion: Although the Apple Watch Series 3 is a high tech device, the company can push the style to envelope further. The company can thus collaborate with inexpensive brands like Target for increased customizationand decrease its price. This will enable Apple to optimize its product and appeal more to the masses. In terms of Independence: The reliance of the Apple watch on its iPhone is one of its biggest flaws. There is a need for the people tocarry the phones for facilitating Bluetooth connectivity that helped in enabling the function ability of the watch. Thus, without the iPhone the use of the watch becomes limited. Therefore, the watch is a more of an accessory rather than an independent device. Incorporating features that make the watch an independent entity that can encourage target customers to make a purchase. Incorporating Health App: Incorporating health metric and innovation analysis inthe latest Apple Watch Series 3 would not only monitor all facets of the wellness growth but would definitively enhance its popularity among the masses. Conclusion: The report ends by putting forward recommendations that would increase the sales of the Apple Watch Series 3. There is also discussion on the five stages of consumer decision-making process and how the Apple meets focuses on each of the stage through psychological influence. The report also gives a brief overview of the company, its products and the target audience along with their demographic profile. References: Apple. (2018).Apple Watch Series 3. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/apple-watch-series-3/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. Cohen, S.A., Prayag, G. and Moital, M., 2014. Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), pp.872-909. Gunter, B. and Furnham, A., 2014.Consumer Profiles (RLE Consumer Behaviour): An Introduction to Psychographics(Vol. 5). Routledge. Heracleous, L., 2013. Quantum strategy at Apple Inc.Organizational Dynamics,42(2), pp.92-99. Kumar, N., Khunger, M., Gupta, A. and Garg, N., 2015. A content analysis of smartphonebased applications for hypertension management.Journal of the American Society of Hypertension,9(2), pp.130-136. Mullen, B. and Johnson, C., 2013.The psychology of consumer behavior. Psychology Press. Oliver, R.L., 2014.Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Rawassizadeh, R., Price, B.A. and Petre, M., 2015. Wearables: Has the age of smartwatches finally arrived?.Communications of the ACM,58(1), pp.45-47. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Starner, T., 2014. How wearables worked their way into the mainstream.IEEE Pervasive Computing,13(4), pp.10-15. Taylor, A.G., 2015. Common Features. InGet Fit with Apple Watch(pp. 3-8). Apress.

Jetblue Essay Example

Jetblue Essay Learning objectives 1. institutional aspects of equity issuance transaction 2. costs and benefits associated with public share offerings 3. develop a deeper appreciation for challenges of valuing unseasoned firms and enhance corporate valuation skills KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONISDERATION 1)What are the advantages and disadvantages of going public? 2)What different approaches can be used to value JetBlue’s shares? 3)At what price would you recommend that JetBlue offer their shares? Potential Questions to be addressed in report submission * What is an Initial Public Offering and why is it such a big deal? Is going public, particularly at the time they did, a good idea for JetBlue? * What do you believe JetBlue stock is really worth? * Does the financial forecast in case Exhibit 13 seem reasonable? * What are the key assumptions in the IPO valuation? * Is the length of the forecast period within the IPO valuation (exhibit 13) reasonable? * What discount rate is appropriate for the cas h flow forecast? * How would you suggest estimating the terminal value? What assumptions have you made? How have your assumptions affected the estimated value of JetBlue shares? Introduction After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, it was upset deeply because of the safety for the airline industry in the United States. The passenger demand suddenly reduced and many flights cancelled afterwards, which led a lot of American airlines declared bankruptcy afterwards, including US Airways and United Airlines. It was a challenging time for airline industry, however, David Neeleman, the CEO and Founder of JetBlue Airways, discovered an opportunity for the company. Barely two years after its foundation, the company decided to raise additional capital through initial public offering (IPO). This report is aimed to apply financial theories and concepts into analyse the real case study of JetBlue Airline. Firstly, the background of JetBlue will be introduced briefly. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of going public for JetBlue will be discussed in the following pages. In addition, the share valuation of JetBlue IPO will be estimated based on several assumptions. Last but not least, the recommendation will be provided in the last past of this report. Background JetBlue was founded by David Neeleman in 1999, which looked to fulfil the purpose of â€Å"humanity back to air travel†. We will write a custom essay sample on Jetblue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jetblue specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jetblue specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By following the low-cost model of Southwest Airlines, JetBlue pursued to offer passengers an enjoyable flying experience by providing in-flight entertainment, comfortable room and high-quality customer service. In addition, in order to organise a strong and experienced working team, Neeleman employed several skilled senior managers, comprising of David Barger who was a former vice president of Continental Airlines to be president and COO and John Owen who was executive vice president and former treasurer of Southwest Airlines to be CFO in JetBlue. Moreover, as the founder of JetBlue, Neeleman have own extensive experience with airline start-ups from managing low-fare flights during university period. Based on the explicit marketing strategy of JetBlue, barely less than one year, the company increased the routes to other cities in America and it continued to grow rapidly to 17 destinations in early 2002. And not only that, JetBlue adopted the active measures to increase expenditures for security by setting up equip cockpits with bulletproof doors and security cameras, which enhanced the confidence of US residences to take flights under the circumstance of few people was afraid of flying after September 11 hijackings. Advantages and disadvantages of going public Refer to Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2011), initial public offerings are stocks issued by a formerly privately owned company that is going public, which means that selling stock to the public for the first time. According to Rothberg, the following table are shown some advantages and disadvantages of going public. Pros| Cons| Potentially large bonuses for business owners| High explicit cost – roughly 7% of the funds raised| Ability to raise additional capital rapidly in the future| Pressure to meet investor expectations| Attraction and retention for the valuable talents| Less control on make business decisions – decisions should be based on the interest of shareholders and investors other than owners themselves| Easy to sell ownership shares when owners exit business or retire| Reporting disclosure on regular basis| Access to capital markets| | In relation to this case, JetBlue aimed to raise additional capital through an IPO in order to support company’s growth and offset portfolio losses by investors. Moreover, according to John Owen, JetBlue had prepared the initial registration statement with security and exchange commission (SEC) for the IPO on September 11, 2001. However, based on the September 11 attacks, they delayed IPO before it came into force. In fact, not only the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, but several events happened negatively affected the global economy during the period of going public for JetBlue. For example, the contagion of bird flu was quite severe during taking flights, which definitely influenced the demand of flights. The increasing oil price also raised the basic cost in any transportation industry. Another negative condition could be the economic downturn, including crash of the dot-com bubble and financial crisis in Asia. From this point of view, it seemed not to be an appropriate time to going public. However, faced with the weak financial markets, JetBlue measured the targeted strategies and made success in profitable operations. And IPO market is never dead for good company with real revenues and real earnings just like JetBlue. It then turned out that it was a suitable time for JetBlue to IPO during the economic downturn though. JetBlue’s shares valuation There are various methods to value shares for a company, including free cash flow to equity (FCFE) method discounted by WACC, free cash flow to firm (FCFF) method discounted by cost of equity, dividend discount model and relative valuation techniques. Since JetBlue had not paid out any dividends on common stock, dividend discount model cannot be used to estimate company share value. In addition, FCFF method do not consider the effect of interest payment, however, as mentioned in the case, the Federal Reserve had attempted to stimulate economic activity by reducing interest rates. Therefore, from my point of view, it was more appropriate to value JetBlue share by FCFE method to consider the consequences of interest rate. The assumptions are made for evaluate JetBlue share value as follows. The long-run growth rate was expected to be 7% annually. And the company would have survived and would be a typical firm with an estimated cost of equity of 15% in 2010. Last but not least, the appropriate discount rate was assumed to be 30%. Additionally, there was a quite weird number disappeared in the Exhibit 13, which was the expected inflation rate was 4 times in 2002 than other years. After changing it back to the normal, the share value then could be calculated to be around $24. 60 per share. (Appendix 1) Recommendation Based on the assumptions, the calculated consequence is identical to the initial offering prices which ranged from initial price to implemented offering price ($24 to $25). Faced with sizable excess demand to potential investors, JetBlue took the appropriate measure to increase share value in order to avoid â€Å"money leave on the table†. In the long run, I believe that JetBlue will still grow at a stable stage as the innovative spirit and seasonable measures to the different types of events. Therefore, JetBlue’s stock was worth for the potential and incoming investors. We prepared to retristrict initial registration with SEC for the IPO on September 11, 2001. Based on the event of that morning, we didnot . We waited until stock market settled down. We returned the profitability in November and December. We started to issue IPO gain in Christmas time. Obviously, we modified the document a bit. High growth, low cost profitable airline has rebounded substantially in the market place. It was a very good stands to do the IPO for JetBlue. Even though it was 2002, the IPO market was pretty much dead, the IPO market is never dead for good company with real revenues and real earnings. So we were confident even a small amount of John Owen registration statement with underwriters FCFF we do not consider the effect of interest payment 1) In FCFF, we use EBIT (1-t) whereas in FCFE, we use Net Income; this is because while using EBIT (1-t) in FCFF we do not consider the effect of interest payment as mentioned above. 2) IN FCFE, we use Change in Non- Cash Working Capital*(1-D) – Capital expenditure*(1-D) whereas in FCFF we use Change in Non-Cash Working Capital – Capital Expenditure; this is because we just want to concentrate on cash flow due to equity only. Reference Bodie Z. , Kane, A. , Marcus, A. J. (2011). Investments (9th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill Rothberg F. The Pros and Cons of Going Public. Retrieved from http://www. cfoedge. com/resources/articles/cfo-edge-the-pros-and-cons-of-going-public. pdf Appendix (Appendix 1: Share valuation of JetBlue Airways) [ 1 ]. Bodie Z. , Kane, A. , Marcus, A. J. (2011). Investments (9th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill [ 2 ]. Rothberg F. The Pros and Cons of Going Public. Retrieved from http://www. cfoedge. com/resources/articles/cfo-edge-the-pros-and-cons-of-going-public. pdf